Calculation of the design of drainage systems for building houses บริษัทรับสร้างบ้าน, calculations from roofs caused by rainwater, melting snow. Must be able to support the following
- The amount of water according to the size of the area and the nature of the roof.
- The frequency of precipitation in the area.
Flat roofs must adjust the roof slope to the location of the rain gutters. which is connected to the main drainage system of the building Occasionally, a ∅ 2″(51) overflow pipe may be required around the building to drain the overflow from the building.
In general, a sloping roof drains rainwater. by allowing rainwater to flow to the rainwater drainage gutter, which is installed around the selling price It then flows through the vertical rainwater drain into the manhole or the building’s main sewer. In areas that rarely rain or have a small roof area, it may not be necessary to install rain gutters at all. But should do the ground around the eaves where rainwater will fall to affect it. Is it a gravel or brick block? to prevent erosion and splashing
Drainage gutters are generally made of vinyl rubber. Galvanized steel, aluminium, copper or stainless steel. Aluminum can be formed by folding at the construction site.
- Adjust the ¼ in/ft (1:50) slope surface to allow water to flow into the drain hole.
- There should be at least 2 drainage holes for roofs less than 10,000 ft² (900 m²), and each additional drainage hole is added for every 10,000 ft² added.
- Side drainage holes
- Rain gutters and pipes will allow the drained rainwater to continue to the conduit drain. But if a rainwater drain is embedded in a wall or pole, the cost of maintenance is higher.
- Sieve head to prevent leaf debris from clogging pipes.
- Gutter cover
- End piece with pipe hole.
- Rainwater pipes
- There is a cone head piece with a sieve to prevent clogging of the leaves. In case the vertical down pipe is longer than 40′ (12 m)
- Tubular ties at the rear and mid-end.
- The cross-sectional area of a rain pipe should be 1 in² per 100 ft² (1:14,000) of roof area, or at least ∅ 3″(75).
- 45º elbow to prevent the waterfall from hitting it and allow it to continue to flow to the main drainage pipe.
- The mounting brackets or hanging devices are nailed or screwed along the roof covering material or along the top of the rafters.
- The mounting brackets should be 3′ (915) apart.
- Wire mesh prevents leaves falling into the rails.
- 4″ (100) width for roofs up to 750 ft² (70 m²) and 5″ (125) width for roofs up to 1,400 ft² (130 m²).
- The gutter should have a slope of 1⁄16 in²/ ft (1 : 200). The joints must be grafted, soldered or glued to the roof joint. And if the gutter length is more than 40′ (12 m) it should provide an expansion joint.
- ¼ “(6) for roofs with a slope of 12 : 12
- ½” (13) for roofs with a slope of 7:12.
- ¾” (19) for roofs with a slope of 5 : 12
- Rain gutters should be installed below the roof slope. to allow snow or ice (if any) to pass freely
- Nail-mounted to rafters or eaves.
- Hook type for attaching to rafters or eaves.
waterproofing sheet
waterproofing sheet means Metal plates or materials that cannot be penetrated by water The home builder company รับสร้างบ้าน will use the waterproofing sheet to prevent the water from flowing back or leaking into the inside of the building. In the case of joints, the sealant must be installed in such a way that it tilts up against gravity. or if you want to prevent water from entering due to being blown by the wind The sealant must have a zigzag shape to reduce the inhalation force as shown in the figure. Please see Section 7.19 for more information.
There are two types of sealant installations, open and hidden. For open designs usually use aluminum, copper, galvanized steel, stainless steel, leaded copper or tin. The sealant should be separated at the expansion joint at intervals. This prevents the sealant from deforming when stretching or shrinking due to temperature changes. When the sealant must run continuously for a long distance, the chemical reaction between different metals should be taken into account. This will cause any material that is close to the sealant to cause decay, stains or blemishes.
- As for the leak-proof sheet, it is inserted inside. Metal sheets or waterproofing sheets, such as asphalt sheets, plastic sheets, may be used. The choice of materials depends on the weather conditions and the nature of the building structure.
- Aluminum and lead sheets react chemically with the cement.
- Sealants made of certain materials will deteriorate when exposed to strong sunlight.
- The leakproof sheet slopes upwards. to allow the gravity of the earth to suck the water back out
- Interlocking joints are crooked. to prevent water from entering even when the wind blows
- Water can penetrate through narrow joints by surface tension.
- Surface tension is the bonding force between water and solid material. which is greater than the internal pulling force between the water molecules themselves. This makes it possible to draw water or liquids to move. Or even sometimes water moves up vertically opposite gravity.
- Raindrops and internal spaces created. to reduce the surface tension contact area making water droplets unable to seep through
- Hip ridges, roof ridges and roof lines that have changed the slope.
- The joint between the roof and the chimney. rain sewer ventilation pipe and roof window openings
- Windows and doors
- Eaves and gables
- The area where the floor and walls intersect.
- The joint between the roof plane and the vertical wall.
- The joint between the building and the ground.
- Expansion joints of the walls around the building.
